Carbonhydrate provide fuel and building material

Carbonhydrate
= small molecules dissolved in drinks/ food
= importatn source of energy

Sugars
carbonhydrate =organic compound made up of sugar molecules
- contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen; 1:2:1
- core of sugar molecules-nature for carbon skeleton=ring shape

Monosaccharides
Monosaccharides = one sugar unit that simply made up of sugar molecules
-ex) glucose, frutose, galactose (ends sufix -ose)
*one or more of simple sugars are found in sweet things
-ex)honey=glucose + frutose
-glucose exists in straight chain &ring shped forms
- molecular structure& simplified structure

*Sugar molecules, particularly glucose, main fuel supply for cellular work
- similar to mobile engine, cells breadk down glucose molecules &extract stored energy.
- glucose-not used immediately by cless
= incorporated into larger carbohydrates/ used to make fat molecules

Disaccharides
dehydration reacition, cells construct disaccharide from two monosaccharides
Most common: surose molecule
-major carohydrate in planet sap of maple tree
-Table sugar sucrose processed from the stem of sugarcane(roots of sugarbeets) sucrose consumed: broden down into glucose & frutose - used right awasy body also can store glucose in larger mnolecular for later use

Polysacchardes

polysaccharides: long polymer chains made up of simple sugar monomers' comlex carbohydrate -ex) starch: polysaccharide found inplant cells that consists entirley of glucose monomers

When plants breadk down starch molecules, stared glucose become available Animals do not have starch - instead have glycogen need sugar, energy, breadk down glyfcogen granviles, releasing glucose

*Some polysaccharides in plant, such s cellulose, serve as building materials - function: protect cells& stiffen plant (prevent from flopping over) - Many animals, including ppl, annot digest cellulose - cellulose keep digestive system healthy

1. Explain the difference bewteen a monosaccharide and a disaccharide. Give an example each. Monosacchaide is single sugar that only contains only one sugar units. Disaccharide, also called as double sugar, is formed by two monosaccharide by dehydration reaction. An example of monosaccharide is glucose and an example of disaccharide is sucrose which is formed by a glucose monomer and a fructose monomer. 2. Compare and contrast starch glycogen and cellulose. 3. How do animals store excess glucose molecules? Animals store glocose molecule in liver and muscle cells. As glycogen polymer is highly branched, it is stored as granules. When the energy is needed, it breadks down by releasing glucose which is done starch.