Carbon is the main ingredient of organic molecules

Carbon Skeletons and Functional groups
* why are carbon atom so common in living thing?
Bonding ability= # of electrons
-carbon=4electrons=4bonds w/ other atoms
- carbon=connecting point that other atoms can branch off

* Carbon-form w/ other carbon atoms and form endless cariety of skeletons
-Organic molecules: carbon-based molecules
-Inorganic molecules: Non-carbon-based molecules (ex: H2O)

* Carbon can bond with atoms of other element
hydrocarbons: organic molecules that are composed of only carbon & hydrogen

-important fuel

- two other frequently found atoms in organic molecules = oxygen & nitrogen

- Functional group: a group of atoms within a molecules that interact in predictable ways with other molecules.

-four atoms important in cemitry life= hydroxyl group, carbonyle group, carboxyl group and amino group.

- carbon skeleton & attached functional group = properties of organic molecules

ex) hydroxyl group = hydrophilic: attract water molecuoles

-Most organic molecules has hydroxyl groups=hydrophilic because it is surrounded by water molecules in environment

Monomers & Polymers

Some biomolecules- composed of hundred/millions of atoms
- built from similar, smaller moleculer units: monomers
- cells linked together in long chain: polymers
May form:
- straight chain of monomers
- branching chains that fold back themselves
* Vast diversity of life polymers
every living cells - thousands of diff. kind of polymers vary- specific molecules
- individual of same species
- same species
* four life's large molecules categories:
- carbonhydrates
- lipids
- proteins
- nucleic acids

Building & Breading polymers
Each time Monomers + chain, water molecules released
=dehydration: removing(de) water(hydro)
Reaction- regardless of specific monomers and types of polymer produced
*Organism-build&break polymers
ex) food; polymers
- need to breadk down giant molecules= make monomers available to cells
- further breadk down monomers - obtain energy - build more polymers
- Breadk down by adding water to them
* Water removed to build polymer, water is added to breadk it down

Concept Check

1. Draw a molecule that has a threecarbon skeleton and a hydroxyl group on the middle carbon.

2. Explain the connection between monomers and polymers

Monomers are small units that built large molecules. Also, the links of monomers is called polymers. This means that a long chains of monomers that are linked together is called polymers. Polymers are composed with monomers.

3. What molecule is released during construction of polymer? What is this reaction called?

During construction of polymers, water molecules are released. To build polymer chain, there should be two hydrogen and one oxygen should be released which makes one water molecule atom. This reaction is called dehydration reaction.

4.Draw at least three ways in which five carbon atoms could be joined to make different carbon skeleton.