Chapter 8.1

The structure of Chloroplast
Chloroplast:Mostly contained by leaves
Leaves:
- IN: Chloroplats are concentrated in a mesophyll cells
- Out/Surface: Tiny pores,stomata
- Veins: deliver organic molecules produced in leaves to other parts

*Chloroplast structure= key to function
-inner&outer membrane: encloses stroma

Overview of Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis<->cellular respiration
=use 'excited' electrons with CO2+H+->sugar molecules
= 6CO2+H2O-> C6H12O6+6O2
*photosynthesis ocurs in 2stages: light reaction&calvin cycle

light reaction
*converting sunlight energy to chemical energy
(depends on molecules built into memebrane of thylakoids)
Q:What becomes of water's electron&hydrogen ions?
-chloroplast use them to make energy rich molecule NADPH
-Chloroplast use capture light to generate ATP

Calvin cycle
*calvin cycle= make sugar from atoms in CO2+H++high energy electrons carried by NADPH
-sometimes, referred as light independent reaction but need two inputs supply by sunlight reaction, ATP& NADPH

Key terms:
chloroplast: cellular organelle where photosynthesis takes place
chlorophyll: chemical compund that give organelles a green color
stroma: a tink fluid in inner membrane
thylakoid: disk-shaped sacs in the stroma
light reaction: process of converting sunlight energy to chemical energy
calvin cycle: make sugar from atoms in carbon dioxide plus hydrogen and high energy electron carried by NADPH

Concept Check:
2.The reactant of photosynthesis is carbon dioxide and water whereas the product of it is oxygen and sugar or glucose.
3. The two main stage of photosynthesis are light reactions and calvin cycle. When they are happening, they exchange the products from individual's products. For ATP and NADPH, they are transferred from light reaction to calvin cycle whereas NADP+ and ADP+P are transferred from calvin cycle to light reaction